Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Mossy-textured hydroxyapatite-modified poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres promote collagen regeneration via calcium/TGF-β and chemokine signaling pathways in soft tissue augmentation

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.028

Figure Lengend Snippet: The regulatory effects of CaHA/PLGA microspheres on macrophages and ADSCs in vitro. (A, B) CLSM images and RFI of CD86 and CD206 expression in RAW264.7 cells co-cultured with microspheres for 2 days (n = 3). (C–F) Relative mRNA expression levels of inflammation-related genes TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β1, and FGF-2 in RAW264.7 cells (n = 3). (G, H) Sirius red staining images and quantitative analysis (n = 3) of collagen deposition of ADSCs co-cultured with CaHA/PLGA microspheres for 3 and 7 days. (I–K) Relative mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1, FGF-2, and PDGF-A in ADSCs after 3 and 7 days of co-culture with CaHA/PLGA microspheres (n = 3). ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; ns , not significant.

Article Snippet: CD86 polyclonal antibody (1:200, 13395-1-AP, Proteintech), CD206 (1:200, 18704-1-AP, Proteintech), and TNF-α recombinant antibody (1:200, 80258-6-RR, Proteintech) were used as primary antibodies, incubated overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: In Vitro, Expressing, Cell Culture, Staining, Co-Culture Assay

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Mossy-textured hydroxyapatite-modified poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres promote collagen regeneration via calcium/TGF-β and chemokine signaling pathways in soft tissue augmentation

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.028

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of soft tissue filling and inflammatory response in rats. (A, B) Schematic diagram of the soft tissue filling experiment and injection sites, with at least 2 cm spacing between sites. (C) Photographs of subcutaneous soft tissue filling at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The white circles indicate the soft tissue filling areas. (D) H&E staining of the filled sites. (E, F) Immunofluorescence images and RFI of TNF-α and TGF-β expression at 2 weeks post-filling (n = 6). (G, H) Immunofluorescence images and RFI of CD86 and CD206 expression at 2 weeks post-filling (n = 6). ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; ns , not significant.

Article Snippet: CD86 polyclonal antibody (1:200, 13395-1-AP, Proteintech), CD206 (1:200, 18704-1-AP, Proteintech), and TNF-α recombinant antibody (1:200, 80258-6-RR, Proteintech) were used as primary antibodies, incubated overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Injection, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Expressing

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A self-locking conductive cardiac patch for immediate electrical integration with infarcted rat myocardium

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.10.045

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of patches on angiogenesis and inflammation in infarcted tissues 4 weeks post-MI. a) Immunofluorescence staining of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, a vascular protein marker, green) and von Willebrand factor (vWF, an endothelial marker, red) of the infarct region in the MI, BMN-P, BMN-CP and CBMN-CP groups. b, c) Quantitative analysis of α-SMA (b) and vWF (c) in different groups based on fluorescent staining images (n = 4). d) Representative immunofluorescence staining of the infarct region in different groups for CD86 (green) and CD206 (red). e, f) Fluorescence intensity statistics of CD86 (e) and CD206 (f) in different groups based on fluorescent staining images (n = 4). Nuclei are stained blue with DAPI. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The tissue sections were then incubated with the following primary antibodies: rabbit Connexin 43 primary antibody (BOSTER, BA1727, 1:200, China), mouse α-actinin primary antibody (Abcam, AB9465, 1:200, UK), mouse α-SMA primary antibody (Wuhan Sanying, 67735-1-IG, 1:400, China), rabbit vWF primary antibody (Wuhan Sanying, 27186-1-AP, 1:300, China), mouse CD86 primary antibody (BOSTER, BA4121, 1:100, China) and rabbit CD206 primary antibody (Wuhan Sanying, 18704-1-AP, 1:400, China).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Marker, Fluorescence

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: Redox-modulating macrophage biohybrid nanoplatform for targeted RIPK1-PANoptosome suppression in ischemic stroke

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2025.103997

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro evaluation of microglia regulation of MA@ULips. (a) Scheme of microglia phenotype transition induced by MA@ULips. (b) Flow cytometry analysis of CD86 and CD206 in BV2 cells after diverse treatments. Representative immunofluorescence staining images of (c) CD86 and (d) CD206 in BV2 cells after various treatments. The level of (e) Arg-1, (f) IL-10, (g) TNF-α, and (h) IL-6 in the BV2 cells after different treatments (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was calculated by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Anti-caspase 1 (31020-1-AP), anti-RIPK1 (17519-1-AP) and PE- anti -mouse CD86 + (PE-65068) were obtained from Proteintech Group.

Techniques: In Vitro, Flow Cytometry, Immunofluorescence, Staining

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: Redox-modulating macrophage biohybrid nanoplatform for targeted RIPK1-PANoptosome suppression in ischemic stroke

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2025.103997

Figure Lengend Snippet: MA@ULips enhancing neurological functional recovery and modulating ischemic inflammatory microenvironment. (a) Experimental design involved multiple functional tests to evaluate the neurological outcomes of MA@ULips. (b) Forelimb asymmetry rate assessed through the cylinder test (n = 8). (c) Motion paths in the open field test. (d) Quantitative analysis of movement distance (n = 7). (e) Representative images of sham-operated mice and MCAO/R mice after different treatments. (f) Neurological deficit evaluation by the mNSS (n = 6). (g) Immunohistochemical staining for GFAP on brain tissue from the ischemic cortex area after different treatments. (h) Immunofluorescent staining of brain tissue for Iba-1 and CD86 after different treatments. (i–j) The levels of (i) IL-10 and (j) IL-6 in serum of ischemic mice after different treatments (n = 3). (k–l) The levels of (k) IL-6 and (l) IL-10 in brain tissues of ischemic mice after different treatments (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was calculated by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Anti-caspase 1 (31020-1-AP), anti-RIPK1 (17519-1-AP) and PE- anti -mouse CD86 + (PE-65068) were obtained from Proteintech Group.

Techniques: Functional Assay, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: NO-driven self-propelled nanomotors with deep biofilm penetration for synergistic therapy of peri-implantitis

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102658

Figure Lengend Snippet: Anti-inflammatory effects of IHPS nanomotors on macrophage polarization. (A) Schematic diagram of the immunomodulatory mechanism. (B) Relative mRNA expression levels of M1 macrophage markers (IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS) after various treatments. (C) Relative mRNA expression levels of M2 macrophage markers (IL-4, CD206, ARG-1). (D) Representative immunofluorescence staining of iNOS and CD206; nuclei were stained with DAPI (Scale bar: 20 μm). (E, F) Quantitative analysis of the fluorescence intensity of iNOS and CD206. (G) Flow cytometry analysis of the surface expression of M1 marker CD86 and M2 marker CD206. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3) ( ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Antibodies specific for iNOS, CD86, CD206, OCN, OPN, PKG1, sGC, Runx2, and β-actin were obtained from Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence, Flow Cytometry, Marker